Group decision making is a
situation in which individuals collectively determine solution for the problem
and consider a course of action. Decision made collectively is more effective
than made by individuals, because there are many perspectives and ideas. It
provides advantage of synergy which means whole is greater than the sum of its
parts. It also provides advantage of sharing information that each member has
specific and unique information that can be obtained through group decision
making process. Group decision making is also known as Japanese Decision Making.
1) Nominal Group Technique
(NGT)
2) Delphi Technique
Nominal Group Technique
Under nominal group technique
each participants are given writing papers in order to write down their ideas
about what the decision should be. The group members usually record their ideas
privately. After they have written down their ideas, one by one each
participant presents his idea which is recorded on a whiteboard or a chart.
After all ideas are presented each participant votes on each idea.The idea
which is voted by every contributing member is selected as the final solution
to the problem.
The NGT technique is good for
making quick decision and motivating individual creativity. It also ensures equal
participation.
Delphi Technique
Under Delphi Technique first
the problem is identified and a questionnaire is prepared related to the
problem. Then experts are selected and a questionnaire mailed to them. These
experts are physically distant from each other and unknown to each other. They
are usually managers. They are asked to provide potential solutions to the
problem. Each group of member answers the questions and sends it back to the central
coordinator. These results are compiled at a central location and a second
questionnaire is prepared based on the previous answers. This survey with
different questionnaire is repeated usually four or five times until a
consensus is obtained.
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